Anyone who has pursued a CS degree has come across the term OSI model in Computer Networks. But what exactly is the OSI model?
The OSI and TCP/IP models are frameworks that outline the communication process in networks. The OSI model provides a detailed reference for responsibilities across layers, while TCP/IP focuses on two key protocols, emphasizing reliability and data segmentation. Understanding these models is crucial for effective networking and communication.
The OSI model serves as a guideline for understanding communication processes, emphasizing the importance of encapsulation for effective message transmission from sender to receiver. This process is crucial for maintaining structured communication across various layers of a network. Encapsulation and decapsulation are essential processes in the OSI model that facilitate the two-way communication necessary for data transmission. These ensure that data is correctly packaged and unpacked at each layer.
The Workflow of the Layers
Layers 7, 6, and 5 of the OSI model focus on generating the data PDU or data in binary format for the transport layer, shaping information for further transmission. At the transport layer, data is formatted into binary for transmission, regardless of content type like email, voice, or video. The transport layer is responsible for identifying applications and services, using source and destination addresses to manage data packets effectively. This identification process is crucial for delivering data accurately.
Segmentation of data enables security, performance optimization, and the ability to conduct multiple communications simultaneously. This multiplexing capability is vital for efficient network utilization and is achieved using protocols like TCP and UDP. The difference between TCP and UDP is significant: TCP focuses on reliability, while UDP emphasizes speed, making it suitable for real-time applications.
Next comes the network layer. The network layer converts segments into packets, utilizing IP protocols to identify source and destination addresses for effective data transfer. At the data link layer, frames are produced, which include headers and trailers, connecting logical data to physical transmission mediums effectively using protocols like Ethernet. The physical layer converts the 0 and 1 bits into signals for efficient transmission. Understanding network interfaces is crucial for effective communication between devices. Selecting the right interface card ensures compatibility and maximizes performance within your network system.
We can derive another model from the OSI model called the TCP/IP model, which we will discuss in another blog.